Burner for liquid fuel.



H. E. BRETT. BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 24, 1906.

Patented Jan. 4, 1910.l

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H. B. BRETT. BURNER POR LIQUID FUEL.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 24, 190e.

Patented Ja11.4, 1910.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY E. BRETT, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL.

To all whom it 'may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY E. BRETT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Burner for Liquid Fuel, of which the following is a specilication.

This invention relates to burners for liquid fuel, and particularly to burners for consuming heavy liquids, such as mineral or other oils, tar, liquid asphalt, etc., which I speak of in this specification under the general term of oil and some of the objects of my invention are to provide means for the more complete atomizing of such oil by the use of a plurality of atomizing devices in the burner; to secure increased economy and elticiency in the use of fuel by reason of the more completely atomized condition of the oil when discharged into a furnace for consumption, and to provide simple and convenient means for the manipulation of the burner.

A further object of this `invention is to provide a burner which shall be safe and practically noiseless in its operation.

I/Vith these, and other objects in view, the invention consists essentially in the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts,substantiallyas described in the following specification, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure I. is a side view of the burner;

l Fig. II. is a longitudinal section through the burner taken on line II-II of Fig. III.

\ Fig. III. is a horizontal section through the l burner taken on line III-III of Fig. II.

nozzle, etc.

Iiig. IV. is a rear view of the burner; Fig. V. a transverse section taken on line V--V of Fig. II. Fig. VI. is a transverse section taken on line VI-VI of Fig. II. Fig. VII. is a transverse section taken on line VII-VII of Fig. II. Fig. VIII. is a front view of a primary atomizer plug; Fig. IX. is a detail in partial section of a discharge Fig. X. is a transverse section taken on line X-X of Fig. IX. Fig. XI. is a detail in partial section of a .modified form of discharge nozzle, etc. Fig. XII. is

a front view of Fig. XI. Fig. XIII. is an enlarged detail, in section, of a portion of y 'the burner shown in Fig. XIV. Fig. XIV. is a side view of a modified form of burner;

Fig. is a rear view of the burner shown in Fig. XVI showing valve connections; Fig. XVI. 1s a fragmentary sect1on of a Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 24, 1906.

'or atomized condition.

Patented J an. 4, 1910. Serial No. 340,329.

boiler furnace showing burner installed. Fig. XVII. is a detail of a discharge socket and nozzle; Fig. XVIII. is a detail of a modified form of nozzle and regulating pin.

Similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

It must be understood that in order to successfully burn heavy liquid fuels of the character above described and herein spoken of as oil, it is essential that the same be sprayed into the furnace in a finely divided This is accomplished by the use of some atomizing medium under high pressure, which is brought into contact with the oil in such manner that by the force of its impact, and expansive power, it breaks up the oil into 'very minute particles. The atomizing medium in general use is either steam or compressed air, and for convenience I speak of such atomizing medium in this specification as air, though I by no means limit myself to the use of any particular atomizing medium. It must also be understood that by the use of the word furnace in this specification, I refer to any appliance for the production of heat by the combustion of fuel whether heating or melting furnace, fire-box, stove, etc.

The several parts cf the burner are preferably constructed of metal, iron, brass or steel as desired.

Referring to the drawin0s:-I `igs. I to VII, and Figs. XV and XVI, represent the preferred form of burner designated by the reference character 1,' in which the body 2, of the burner is disposed horizontally. The upper portion of the body 2, contains a mixing chamber 3 of cylindrical form, and an extension 4, of the body contains an atomiz ing device or primary atomizer 5, and is provided with an inlet 6, for oil, and an inlet 7 for the atomizing medium herein spoken of as air; the inlets 6, and 7, are preferably threaded to receive pipe connections. The oil inlet 6, communicates with an oil chamber 8, and the air inlet 7 communicates With an air chest 9, which latter communicates with the mixing chamber 3, by means of a contracted aperture 10, having a conical seat 11, on the air chest side of the same. The aperture 10, and conical seat 11, form a part of the primary atomizer, which further includes the atomizer plug 12, having an axial bore 13, and radial ducts 14,

'ed at 16a, along that portion of its length which passes through the wall 17, dividing the oil chamber 8, from the air chest 9, thereby forming a tight joint between the same', the said thread 16a, providing a means for adjusting and securing the plug 12, in the desired position. The outer end of the atomizer plug 12 passes through a suitable stufling box 18 formed in the rear portion i of the burner body and is provided with a gland 19, threaded upon the plug 12, to retain the packing and prevent loss ofoil from the oil chamber 8. The bore 13, is

preferably extended the entire length of the Y atomizer plug 12, and closed at the end of the same by a screwed plug 20, which may `be readily taken out for the purpose of removing any obstruction that might occur in the bore. A square 21, is formed upon the end of plug 12, to permit the use of a wrench in screwing it into place.

Located in the lower portion of the burner body 2, and below the mixing chamber 3, is a longitudinal air duct 22, communicating at its rear end with the air chest 9, by means of a port 23, which may be made of such predetermined area that the air issuing from said air chest may pass through the said port 23, and the grooves 16, on the conical point 15, of the primary atomizer plug 12, in such relative quantities as may be desired. A threaded orifice 24, provided with a plug 25, affords access to the port The forward end of the air duct 22 is fitted with the nipple 26, forming a part of the secondary atomizer 27, which nipple is secured in place by means of a screw thread 28, and shoulder 29. The atomizer nipple 26, has an axial bore 30 of suflicient area to permit the passage of the air and of the adjusting rod 31; and a guide 32, for the said rod is also formed upon the rear portion of the nipple 26.

The pointed end 33 of the atomizer nipple 26, traverses the duct 34, which forms the outletfrom the mixing chamber 3, and enters the conical bore 35 of the discharge socket 36, in such a way as to leave an annular passage 37, around the said pointed end 33.

The discharge socket is provided with an outlet 38,-threaded to receive the discharge tube 39, and the rear portion 40 of the socket is threaded and screwed into the discharge orifice 41, of the burner body 2,

which is located at the lower portion of the front end of said body. Between the conical bore 35, and threaded outlet 38, of the discharge socket 36, is a contracted aperture 42, through which the commingled oil and air is forced, forming, with the conical bore 35, the annular passage 37, the pointed end 33, and bore 30, of the nipple 26, the secondary atomizer 27.

Preferably attached to the discharge socket 36, is the discharge tube 39, of any? desirable length having at its extreme end a threaded coupling 43, to receive the nozzle 44. It will be understood that the use of the discharge tube 39 is merely a matter of convenience and that, if desired, the saidY tube may be omitted entirely and the nozzle screwed directly into the discharge socket 36, the outlet 38, of which would then serve as a discharge duct from the contracted aperture 42, to the nozzle; such a construc-k tion being shown in Fig. XVII.

The nozzle 44 is provided with a threaded portion 45, and a hexagonal portion 46 to facilitate the use of a wrench to screw it into place. Preferably the nozzle 44 is provided with a smooth bore 47, a portion of which 48, may be of enlarged diameter; such a nozzle is shown inFigs. l, Il, lll, 1X and X.

Disposed within the nozzle 44, and fitting freely in the bore 47, thereof is a regulating pin 49, having one or more grooves or channels 50, formed upon its surface to provide a passage for the oil. The channels 50 may vary in number and form, as desired, and may be of varying cross-sectional area at different points so that by changing the position of the pin 49, within the nozzle 44, theV form or shape and the size and direction of the resulting flame may be regulated. Thus in Fig. Ill there is shown a regulating Vpin Vdesigned to produce a broad or fan shaped flame by deflecting the stream of oil laterally on each side of the nozzle, while the effective area of the channels may be decreased by drawing the regulating pin farther within the nozzle. Such a flame would be suitable to use under a stationary boiler with the usual brick setting.

In Figs. IX and X is shown a regulating pin having a single channel located on its under side and designed to deflect the stream of oil in a downward direction and produce a flame suitable for use in an internally fired vertical boiler. rlhe adjustment of the regulating pin 49, is controlled by means of the adjusting rod 31, attached to it by the threaded end 51 and lock nut 52. justing rod 31, traverses the discharge tube 39, the discharge socket 36, the nipple`26, and the air duct 22, passing out throughthe rear end of the latter through a stuffing box The ad-.

`53 and gland 54. A return bend 55 is j to produce a long straight flame suitable for use in an internally fired horizontal boiler andin many forms of heating furnaces. In this case the nozzle 44, is provided with a conical bore 60, and the regulating pin 61,

` while the discharge tube 39, occupies a horizontal position. To accomplish this the discharge socket 63, is given a tee form, the branch 64, whereof is threaded and screwed into the discharge orifice 41 of the burner i vbody 62.

The outlet 38, is formed at one end of the tee socket 63, and vthreaded to receive the discharge tube 39; while the `stuffing-box 53a, with its gland 54, for the adjusting rod 31, is formed at the opposite i end of the tee socket.

A lug 65, is formed upon the tee socket 63, to receive the threaded end 56, of the adjusting rod 31. The burner body 62, is in all respects like the burner body 2, except that the stuffing box 53, and retaining lug 57, not being required `for the adjusting rod are omitted.

In Fig. XV is shown a rear view of the burner with the oil regulating valve 66, connected to the oil inlet 6 of the burner 1, by

'fmeans of the pipe nipple 67; the pipe 68 connecting the Valve 66, with the source of supply for the oil. The air regulating valve 69, is connected to the air inlet 7, by means of the pipe nipple 70, and to the source of air supply by means of the pipe 71.

In Fig. XVIII is shown a modified means for adjusting and securing the regulating pin within the nozzle. In this construction the nozzle 44 is provided with a threaded bore 72, in place of the smooth bore 47, previously described as appertaining to the preferred construction of nozzle which it resembles in all other respects. The regulating pin 73 is also threaded at 74 and screws Y, into the nozzle 44, being retained in the desired'position by the lock-nut 75. The regulating pin 73, is provided with the customary' channels 50, for the passage of the oil. In this construction the adjustment of the regulating pin is to be made before the burner is lighted.

In Fig. XVI is shown a burner 1, installed for firing a tubular boiler 76, the discharge tube 39, of suitable length, being introduced. into the furnace 77, through holes 78, and 79, provided in the boiler front S0, and brick setting 81, respectively. The grate bars 82, dead plate S3, and lire doors 84 are such as are usually employed for such boilers. If preferred the grate bars may be covered with a course of tire brick laid with open joints, not shown in the drawing. The connections from the burner to the oil and air supplies having been made as shown in Fig. XV the installation is complete and ready for operation.

To operate the burner the air regulating valve 69, is first opened, permitting air to enter the air chest 9, through the air inlet 7. A portion of the air escapes from the air chest 9, through the grooves 16, on'thel een ical point 15, oit' the primary atomizer plug 12, forming a jet and passing through the contracted aperture 10, with great velocity. It then traverses the mixing chamber 3, the duct 34, and conical bore 35, of the discharge'socket 36, at which point it unites with the remaining portion of the air which escapes from the air chest 9, through the port 23, and traverses the air duct 22 and thc nipple 26, of the secondary atomizer. The united volume of air is forced through the contracted aperture 42, of the discharge socket 36, passes through the discharge tube 39, and nozzle 44, by means of the channels 50, formed on the regulating pin 49. The oil regulating valve 66, having been opened, the oil enters the oil chamber 3, through the inlet 6, passes through the radial ducts 14 and enters the bore 13 of the primary atomizer plug 12, and issuing from the conical point l5, encounters the jet of air from the air chest 9; which strikes the oil with great force and drives it violently through the contracted aperture 10, into the mixing chamber 3, where by its expansive action the air disrupts the oil into small particles and dashing these against the walls of the chamber still further atomizes the oil. The cormningled oil and air continuing their passage through the burner enter the conical bore 35, of the discharge socket 36, where they encounter the jet of air issuing from the bore 30, of the secondary atomizer nipple 26, as above described, and are thereby violently driven through the contracted aperture 42, of the discharge socket 36, the expansive action of the air on entering the larger bore of the outlet 38 and discharge tube 39 completes the atomizing effect on the previously finely divided oil. The oil is ignited as it issues from the nozzle 44, and the regulating pin 49, is adjusted by means of the adjusting rod 3l, to give the desired flame, and secured by tightening the thumb nut 5S, and lock nuts 59, on the threaded end 56, of the adjusting rod. rIhis adjustment once effected may be left undisturbed when the burner is extinguished, so that when the burner is re-lighted it becomes only necessary to adjust the oil and air regulating valves to give the proper quantities of each. If in the course of its operation the nozzle 44 should become clogged either by some obstruction being lodged in the channels 50, of the regulating pin 49 or by reason of oil becoming coked around the orifice, the same may readily be removed without disconnecting the burner, by simply shutting oli' the oil valve temporarily, loosening the thumb nut 5S, and pushing the regulating pin 49 forward and backward a few times. ll`h1s will loosen the obstruction which will be blown out by the air pressure, and when the thumb-nut is again tightened the original adjustment of the regulating pin will be restored, the oil valve may again be opened and operation of the burner resumed.

In those burners wherein the oil is principally, or entirely, atomized at the nozzle it is necessary to employ a great force of air at that point which produces a loud hissing or roaring noise that is very objectionable under some circumstances. By performing the atomizing process within the burner I am enabled to discharge the oil into the furnace at a low velocity and thereby avoid the noise referred to, and by the use of a plurality of atomizers, as described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, II secure a more complete atomizing of the fuel and thereby a more complete combustion and higher eiciency for the same. I also secure great economy in the use of the atomizing medium by the very effective application of the same. Further it will be seen that in the construction herein shown and described the oil enters the burner at the highest point and is discharged at the lowest point of the same, that there is nothing to prevent the free iow of oil through the burner and that the action of the atomizers is similar to that of an ej ector, accelerating the passa-ge of the oil. The result is that the oil entering the burner is quickly atomized and discharged in an uniform stream, producingl a very steady flame without the possibility of oil accumulating within the burner and being discharged therefrom in irregular and uncertain quantities which produces a fluctuatingr and even dangerous fire.

It is not my desire to confine this invention to the-,specific construction herein shown and described, and I reserve the right to make all such changes and modifications of the same as come within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Referring now tothe broad sense in which I have herein employed the term oil as applied to liquid fuels in general, and the term air as applied to any atomizing medium available:-

I claim l. A burner for liquid fuel comprising a body having therein a single air supply inlet, an expansion mixing chamber having an outlet and communicating'vvith said air supply inlet through an aperture, a primary atomizer comprising a plug disposed in said aperture, a secondary atomizer operating within said chamber at the outlet thereof and comprising a continuously open air duct extending to said inlet, means for supplying oil to the primary atomizer, and means for discharging the atomized oil.

2. A burner for liquid fuel comprising a body provided therein with a single air supply inlet, an: adjustable primary atomizer, a single expansion mixing chamber provided with an outlet, said chamber communicating with said inlet through an aperture forming v'a part of said primary atomizer, a secondary atomizer operating Within said chamber at the outlet thereof and comprising an air duct communicating With said inlet, means for supplying oil to the primary atomizer, and

Vmeans for discharging the atomized oil.

3. A burner for liquid fuel comprising a body provided with a single air supply inlet, an adjustable primary atomizer, a single expansion mixing chamber provided withv an outlet, said chamber communicating with said inlet through Van aperture forming a` ypart of said primary atomizer, a secondary atomizer operating at the outlet of said chamber and comprising an airduct comymunicating with said inlet, means for supplying oil tothe primary atomizer, a nozzle for discharging the atomized oil, and a regu- 'lating pin in said nozzle for controlling the form and size of the flame resulting from i the discharged atomized oil.

air supply inlet through an aperture and/f provided with an outlet, a duct communicatingdirectly with said' air supply inlet and ending adjacent to said outlet, a nipple at the end of saidy duct, discharging means connected to said outlet, an atomizer plug having the end thereof disposed adjacent to said aperture, and means for feeding oil to said plug.

5. In a liquid fuel burner, a body portion having therein an air supply inlet and a mixing chamber, said chamber provided with an outlet and communicating with said air supply inlet through apertures, a plug disposed at one of said apertures for feeding oil, and regulating the amount thereof carried into said chamber by air from said inlet, means `air chest and a mixing chamber, said chamber provided with an outlet and communil eating with said air chest through apertures a plug disposed at one of said apertures for feeding oil and regulating the amount thereof carried into said chamber by air from said chest, means in said body disposed to operate at said outlet whereby air of higher pressure than that of the mixture in said chamber acts further on the mixture and accelerates its passage from said chamber, a discharge nozzle connected to said outlet, and a regulating pin in said nozzle for controlling the shape and size of the flame resulting from the discharged mixture.

7. A liquid fuel burner comprising a body having therein an air chest and expansion mixing chamber in communication therewith, means in said chest feeding oil carried into said chamber by air from said chest, a discharge nozzle affixed to said chamber, and means arranged within said body and opf eratinfy in said chamber whereby air from said c estacts to further atomize the mixture in said chamber and accelerate its passage therefrom, said means com rising a permanently open air duct exten ing from said chest.

8. A liquid fuel burner comprising a body portion having therein an air chest and a single expansion mixing chamber in communication therewith, means in said chest feeding oil carried into said chamber by air from said chest, a nozzle aflixed to said chamber, means arranged in said body whereby air from said chest acts to further atomize the mixture in said chamber and accelerate its passage therefrom, and a regulatin pin in said nozzle controlling the size and orm of the flame resulting from the discharged mixture.

9. In a liquid fuel burner, a body portion having constructed and arranged therein an air chest and primary and secondary atomizers, an expansion mixing chamber of comparatively large volume and provided with an outlet, said primary atomizer comprisinff means in said chest whereby oil is forced into said chamber and mixed therein with air from said chest, the secondary atomizer comprising -a continuously open duct communicating with said chest together with means operating within said chamber and disposed at the outlet of said chamber whereby air further atomizes the mixture in said chamber and accelerates its passage therefrom, means for supplying oil to said rimary atomizer, and a discharge nozzle a jacent to the outlet of said chamber.

l0. In a liquid fuel burner, a body portion having constructed and arranged therein an air chest and primary and secondary atomizers, an expansion mixing chamber of comparatively large volume and provided with an outlet, said primary atomizer comprising adjustable means whereby oil is forced into said chamber and mixed with air from said chest, the secondary atomizer comprising a duct communicating with said chest together with means disposed at the outlet of said chamber whereby air further atomizes the mixture in said chamber and accelerates its passage therefrom, means for supplying oil to Said primary atomizer, a discharge nozzle adjacent to the outlet of said chamber, and a rectilineally slidable regulating pin in said nozzle for controlling the form and size of the flame resulting from the discharged mixture.

l1. In a burner for liquid fuel, a body portion having therein air and oil chambers and an expansion mixing chamber provided with an outlet and in communication with said air chamber through an aperture, an atomizer plug fixed adjiistably between said air and oil chambers and having the point thereof disposed opposite said aperture, a secondary atomizer operating within said mixing chamber, comprising a duet in communication with said air chamber and a ni ple affixed at the end of the duct, and a discharge nozzle adjacent to the outlet of said mixing chamber.

12. In a burner for liquid fuel, a body portion having therein air and oil chambers and an expansion mixing chamber provided with an outlet and in communication with said air chamber through an aperture, an atomizer plug fixed adj ustably between said air and oil chambers and having the point thereof disposed opposite said aperture, a secondary atomizer operating at the outlet of said mixing chamber, comprising a permanently open duct in communication with said air chamber and a nipple aflixed at the end of the duet, and a discharge socket provided with a conical bore affixed at the outlet of said mixing chamber.

13. In a burner for liquid fuel, a body portion having therein air and oil chambers and an expansion mixing chamber provided with an outlet and in communication with said air chamber through an aperture, an atomizer plug fixed adj ustably between said air and oil chambers and having the point thereof disposed opposite said aperture, a secondary atomizer disposed at the outlet of said mixing chamber, comprising a duct in communication with said air chamber and a nipple aflixed at the end of the duct, a discharge socket affixed at the outlet of said mixing chamber, a nozzle fitted to said socket,

and a regulating pin in said nozzle for controlling the shape and size of the flame resulting from the discharged mixture.

14. In a liquid fuel burner, a body having therein only one air supply inlet and a mixing chamber, a primary atomizer operatively associated With said mixing chamber,

secondary atomizer operating Within said mixing chamber, said atomizers constructed and arranged to act cuinulatively to atomize oil and each having parts positioned in continuously open ducts permanently in communication with said air supply inlet, means Vforsupplying oil, and means for discharging atoiiiized oil, substantially as described. l5. In a liquid fuel burner, a body having therein an air supply inlet and a mixing .chamben a plurality of atomizers operatively associated With said mixing chamber, said atoniizers constructed and arranged to actcumulatively to atomize oil and each having parts positioned in continuously open `duets in communication with said air supply inlet, means for feeding oil, and means for discharging atoinized oil, said last named means comprising a nozzle and a regulating pin slidable rectilineally associated With said nozzle and constructed and arranged in said having a straight bore and a regulating pin slidable rectilineally and having a part thereof closely fitting the bore in said nozzle, said part having longitudinally thereof `a cut-away portion coacting with said nozzle to regulate the form and size of the flame resulting from the combustion of discharged atoinized fuel.

17. In a liquid fuel burner, the combination with means for feeding liquid fuel, of means for atomizing said fuel and means for discliargingthc atomized. fuel into a combustion chamber and controlling the size and shape of the flame resulting from combustion of the fuel, said last mentioned means comprising a nozzle having a straight bore and a pin slidable rectilineally and closely fitting the bore .in said. nozzle, said pin having longitudinally thereof a channel ing a continuously open duct communicating with the air chamber, and a discharge socket having a conical bore at the outlet of said mixing chamber.

19. `In a liquid fuel burner, having therein only one air inlet and adapted for connection to a single air supply pipe, a Vprimary atoinizer and an expansion mixing chamber communicating therewith, a secondary atomizer operating Within said mixing chamber, said atomizers constructed and arranged to act cumulatively to atoinize liquid fuel and each having parts positioned in permanently open ducts extending fromv said air inlet, means for supplying liquid fuel, and means for discharging the atoinized fuel into a combustion chamber and controlling the size and form of the flame resulting from combustion ofthe fuel, said last mentioned means comprisinga nozzle and a reg-.

ulating pin slidable rectilineally and `having a part thereof in said nozzle, said parthav-.

ing longitudinally Vthereof a cut-away portion coacting With said nozzle.

VIn testimony whereof I have signed my naine to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses. y

HENRY E. BRETT. Vitiiesses J. F. JOHANNSEN, .loi-1N A. VVooD. 

